diff --git a/server/seed.ts b/server/seed.ts
index e546d77..f89b73e 100644
--- a/server/seed.ts
+++ b/server/seed.ts
@@ -95,9 +95,12 @@ const seedArticles = [
 
 export async function seedDatabase() {
   const existing = await storage.getArticles();
-  if (existing.length > 0) return;
+  const existingSlugs = new Set(existing.map((a) => a.slug));
 
+  let added = 0;
   for (const article of seedArticles) {
+    if (existingSlugs.has(article.slug)) continue;
+
     await storage.createArticle({
       title: article.title,
       slug: article.slug,
@@ -108,15 +111,24 @@ export async function seedDatabase() {
       author: article.author,
       featured: article.featured,
     });
-  }
 
-  for (const article of seedArticles) {
     if (article.publishedAt) {
       await db.execute(
         sql`UPDATE articles SET published_at = ${article.publishedAt} WHERE slug = ${article.slug}`
       );
     }
+    added++;
   }
 
-  console.log("Database seeded with " + seedArticles.length + " articles.");
+  if (added > 0) {
+    console.log("Database seeded: added " + added + " new articles.");
+  }
+
+  for (const article of seedArticles) {
+    if (article.publishedAt && existingSlugs.has(article.slug)) {
+      await db.execute(
+        sql`UPDATE articles SET published_at = ${article.publishedAt} WHERE slug = ${article.slug}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
 }